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MINERAL OILS
Mineral oils are obtained by mixing base oils of different viscosities with various additives selected according to the expected characteristics of the product. Base oil is refined from crude oil (the natural state of oil when extracted from the ground).
Functions of Mineral Oils
Even on the surfaces of the most perfectly manufactured parts, complete smoothness and gloss cannot be achieved. There are very small indentations and protrusions called asperities that can only be seen under a microscope. When two dry surfaces come into contact, these asperities resist the movement of the surfaces. This resistance is called “friction.” The main function of lubricants is to reduce this friction between surfaces, form a film layer between surfaces in contact with each other, separate the two solid bodies, and ensure easy movement of parts.
Production of Mineral Oils
Mineral oils, one of the products obtained from the processing of crude oil in refineries, are subjected to special processes to obtain base oils, which are the raw materials of mineral oils. These oils are classified according to their viscosities. It is not possible to obtain all mineral oils directly. Mineral oils are obtained by mixing base oils of different viscosities with various additives selected according to the expected characteristics of the product.
Various brands and types of mineral oils are sold on the market. However, since all mineral oils have the same raw material, what is the difference between these oils?
There are two reasons for this:
1. The different chemical properties of the base oils used
2. The type and amount of additives used
Classification of Mineral Oils
Mineral base oils are classified into three major groups according to their chemical structures (TS 13369):
1. Aliphatics:
a) Paraffinic
b) Naphthenic
2. Aromatics
3. Aliphatics and Aromatics
The selection of base oil is extremely important for oils to pass industry standards. Mineral oils produced from these base oils, which have quite different chemical properties, exhibit different characteristics. Therefore, the base oils and synthetics required by standards and performance should be used in mineral oils.
